Bloody Friday

The Reimagined Past & Disneyfication of PIRA Terrorism

Bloody Friday is one of the worst atrocities of the Northern Ireland troubles, but you will seldom hear it mentioned. It was the deliberate targeting of civilians by the Provisional IRA (PIRA), with approximately twenty bombs, detonated in eighty minutes of horror around Belfast (others were defused or failed to explode), murdering nine people and injuring one hundred and thirty, but yet, there is virtual silence. Media and political attention tends to be directed to those with an effective propaganda machine.

Compare and contrast the lack of attention that Bloody Friday attracts, with the tsunami of media coverage devoted to every PIRA Sinn Fein allegation of wrongdoing by the British state. Cold blooded murder by Irish Republicans does not fit the post ceasefire, reimagined past and Disneyfied version of terrorism that PIRA Sinn Fein has manufactured. The media, British government and others, seem willing not only to accept PIRA Sinn Fein's reimagined past, but to indulge them by propagating the lies for them. 

Bloody Friday did not happen in isolation. As I have written in a previous blog (Read it here), in the months leading up to the terrorist atrocity on 21st July 1972, PIRA had inadvertently developed the car bomb, whilst trying to dispose of a batch of home-made explosives without wasting it, by placing it in a car and driving it into the centre of Belfast, for detonation. 

The birth of the car bomb, led to carnage, with an explosion in March 1972 in Donegall Street, with multiple casualties including seven dead. This attack clearly involved the cynical shepherding of pedestrians into the vicinity of the bomb. The intentional targeting of civilians was also apparent two weeks earlier, with a bomb explosion inside the Abercorn Restaurant, that again caused multiple casualties, including two deaths. These two attacks display, not just a willingness to endanger civilians by placing bombs in public places, but a calculated strategy of terror that accepts civilians will be killed and maimed. It was designed to weaken the resolve of the public and force the British government into negotiations, ultimately leading to withdrawal from Northern Ireland.

PIRA's strategy of terror was emboldened by the development of the car bomb and newly acquired high powered Armalite rifles, smuggled across the Atlantic on the QE2, in an operation run by leading PIRA terrorist Brendan Hughes. This was allegedly done at the behest of his friend and OC, Gerry Adams, despite the objections of PIRA's leadership in Dublin. A younger, more militant faction of PIRA from north of the border, was gradually taking control of the terrorist organisation.


The Final Push

Although he claims to have never been a member of the IRA, Gerry Adams has been identified repeatedly by informed commentators and PIRA personnel, as being a leading figure within Belfast PIRA in the early 1970s. It has been said that he was part of a triumvirate, along with Brendan Hughes and Ivor Bell, that quickly came to the fore, rising through the ranks in the first few years of the troubles. 

Hughes was also a close friend of Adams who acknowledged that he not only respected Adams, but that he was like a brother, who once helped save his life by arranging medical treatment for him after he had been shot by the British Army. You can read about the early days of their relationship including the acquisition of Armalite rifles from America, here.


In March 1972, Gerry Adams was on the run, evading arrest during the era of internment. His luck ran out when he returned home to visit his wife and the army swooped in an early morning raid. Adams was interned, but his time as a guest in Long Kesh prison was short lived. Negotiations were under way between PIRA and the British government, regarding a ceasefire and secret talks. One precondition for a ceasefire was made clear by Ivor Bell, Adams' comrade and fellow member of the Belfast triumvirate. Without the release of Gerry Adams there would be no ceasefire. This was a turning point in the life of Gerry Adams. His moment had arrived. Without this release, he may have spent years in prison whilst events outside continued on without him. 

A few days after Adams was released from prison, he accompanied senior PIRA member Daithi O Connail to a pre-ceasefire meeting on the Derry Donegal border. Also in attendance was a Northern Ireland official, Phillip Woodfield and Frank Steele from MI6. It is worth remembering that Adams was still only twenty-three years old at the time, but PIRA valued him so much that they had secured his freedom and included him in secret meetings with the British.

The PIRA ceasefire started at midnight on 26th June 1972 and less than two weeks later, a PIRA delegation was flown by the RAF to London, for a meeting with the Home Secretary William Whitelaw and various officials. The PIRA delegation consisted of the Chief of Staff, Sean MacStiofain; his Adjutant Daithi O Connail; Belfast Brigade Commander Seamus Twomey; Ivor Bell; Martin McGuinness, Gerry Adams and a lawyer. By all accounts, the meeting achieved nothing, with no willingness displayed by PIRA for compromise on their position, including British withdrawal from Northern Ireland by the start of 1975.

Although Gerry Adams denies being a member of PIRA and that his involvement in the secret talks was only as a representative of the Irish Republican movement, the PIRA Chief of Staff at the time said in a BBC documentary on the IRA, that everyone on the delegation including Adams was PIRA. You can view a short excerpt of that interview with Sean MacStiofain here. 

This photo of a 1972 PIRA press conference, shows four members of the delegation that went to London and gives you some indication of the circles within which Gerry Adams was moving.

From the left: A young Martin McGuinness, the commander of PIRA's Derry Brigade, who would several years later become OC of Northern Command and the Chief of Staff; PIRA Adjutant General and political strategist Daithi O Connail; Chief of Staff Sean MacStiofain; Belfast Brigade Commander Seamus Twomey.

This is a picture of Ivor Bell, another member of the PIRA delegation to London. Bell was a leading player in PIRA's Belfast Brigade and insisted that the release Gerry Adams from Long Kesh prison, was one of the preconditions for the 1972 ceasefire. Bell would eventually become a member of the PIRA Army Council and briefly it's Chief of Staff in the early 1980s. In a subsequent turn of events, he became an opponent of Gerry Adams and was expelled from PIRA. 

This is a picture of Brendan Hughes with his friend and Comrade Gerry Adams, in happier times as prisoners inside Long Kesh. Even before this, Hughes had a fearsome reputation and figured highly on police / army wanted lists. 

During the same visit to Long Kesh, Adams, Hughes and friends including Bobby Sands on the far right.

Chain of Command

The ceasefire ended after twelve days when a dispute between Protestant and Catholics in the Lenadoon area of Belfast, fuelled and exploited by extremists on both sides, descended into rioting and then gunfire from PIRA. Brendan Hughes, along with two other PIRA members, were the gunmen involved in the shooting incident that day, acting under orders from Seamus Twomey.

PIRA's Belfast Commander Seamus Twomey was a leading player in the Lenadoon dispute and it would not be unreasonable to suppose that the stand-off was viewed by PIRA as an opportunity to end the ceasefire, whilst blaming others. A theme that runs through PIRA's history is that they shift the blame for everything onto someone else, completely ignoring their own responsibility. It is a script that terrorists around the world follow. They play the role of victims, but to do so they need to assign the role of aggressor and / or oppressor onto others. 

It is debatable whether PIRA had entered into the secret talks with the intent of compromise and a deal, but I would suggest it unlikely. From PIRA's perspective they were in the ascendant and victory was achievable. They would have seen the imposition of direct rule earlier in the year as a victory over Unionism and Stormont Rightly or wrongly, this move by the British had sent PIRA a signal that one final push would be all it would take to force British withdrawal. The hardliners within the PIRA leadership therefore felt no need to compromise and with the end of the ceasefire, a plan for multiple car bombs in Belfast was put into play. 


The operational commander for what became known as Bloody Friday, was Brendan Hughes. Whilst he was not responsible for the creation of the plan, it was his job to implement it. He used a number of teams to construct the bombs and PIRA members, or 'volunteers', from the three Belfast battalions, to transport the bombs to their targets. Hughes would later state that he hadn't intended killing anyone, but he also said, "And I knew... that there was going to be casualties. It was a major, major operation, but we never intended to kill anyone that day." 

I would suggest that if you are involved in leaving over twenty bombs in Belfast, all due to detonate in public places within eighty minutes, you have accepted some of there casualties may be civilian fatalities. Saying otherwise was simply a reluctance to admit foreknowledge of what would likely happen. 

Hughes' regret and guilt, decades later, may have been genuine but I do not believe PIRA acted without knowing civilians would probably die. Bloody Friday was intended to shock the British. It was part of the final push. Civilian deaths and injuries was part of the price for victory. A means to an end. 

As detailed in previous blogs, such as this one about the Abercorn bomb, or this one about the Donegall Street bomb, PIRA knew only too well about the risks to civilians from bomb attacks, but this did not deter them. I would contend that what occurred on Bloody Friday, was not a mistake. Bloody Friday was the continuance of a PIRA strategy of terror against the civilian population. The propaganda template had already been created. They would blame the actions of the security forces for civilian casualties. The same would happen again following Bloody Friday, even suggesting that it was a British strategy to allow civilians casualties, despite PIRA warnings. 

During his taped testimony for Boston College, Hughes made it clear that it Bloody Friday was not solely his responsibility. He was the operational commander for the wave of bombs but the entire Belfast Brigade staff planned and approved the bombings. Hughes claimed that included Seamus Twomey the Brigade Commander, his Adjutant Gerry Adams and the Brigade Operations Officer, Ivor Bell. Hughes went on to say that whilst Twomey was the Brigade Commander, in effect, ".... Gerry was the real OC. Twomey was practically out of it by that stage, to the extent that eventually we sent him down to Dublin. Gerry was always the OC. Even if he was not OC in name, Gerry was the man who made the decisions." Gerry Adams refutes any allegation that he was a member of PIRA.

Hughes would go to his grave feeling bitter and betrayed by PIRA and his former friend Gerry Adams, for taking the organisation down the political road. Hughes saw this as selling out the cause for which he had fought, served time in prison and ruined his health on hunger strike. He also expressed anger that Gerry Adams claimed to have never been a member of PIRA, therefore leaving the likes of Hughes and Bell to take responsibility for violence such as Bloody Friday.

As the bombs started to explode across Belfast on that Friday afternoon, PIRA supporters in Republican areas cheered every explosion. With a mixture of so many bombs in such a short space of time and hoax bomb alerts, the security forces and emergency services were stretched. That was possibly the intention of PIRA. This made it difficult, if not impossible to respond on time to every bomb alert. Due to the close proximity of the bombs, people were also being unknowingly evacuated from one bomb, towards another as yet unreported bomb. The horror that followed was inevitable.


The reality of PIRA terrorism against civilians in Belfast on Bloody Friday. 

***WARNING***  Some of these images are graphic and you may wish to avoid looking. I have included them as I think people should see the reality of terrorism, rather than the Disneyfied version portrayed in PIRA Sinn Fein propaganda.

Victims

The nine people murdered on Bloody Friday, 21st July 1972, were killed by bomb blasts at two of the locations; the Ulsterbus depot in Oxford Street and on the Cavehill Road.

Jackie Gibson, 45, Ulsterbus driver. 

William Crothers, 15, employee of Ulsterbus

William Irvine, 18, employee of Ulsterbus

Thomas Killops, 39, employee of Ulsterbus

Stephen Cooper, 18, soldier, killed at the Ulsterbus depot whilst trying to clear the area.

Philip Price, 27, soldier, killed at the Ulsterbus depot whilst trying to clear the area.

Margaret O'Hare, 34, married mother of seven children,
killed inside her car by the Cavehill Road bomb. Margaret's eleven year older daughter, was with her in the car and was badly injured.

Brigid Murray, 65, killed by the Cavehill Road bomb.

Stephen Parker, 14, schoolboy, killed whilst trying to warn others in near-by shops, of a car bomb he had spotted on the Cavehill Road. Stephen was identified by his father at the mortuary, by a box of trick matches that he had been carrying in his pocket, and the shirt and Scout belt that he had been wearing. Stephen was posthumously awarded the Queen's Commendation for bravery. 

Another 130 people were injured by the bombs, many of them sustaining horrific, life changing injuries.


In closing I will simply say that in my view, despite what PIRA Sinn Fein may claim, the outcome of Bloody Friday was intentional. PIRA terrorists set out to murder, maim, destroy and terrorise. It was not the first time that they had employed a strategy of terror and it would not be the last time. Only ten days later, PIRA would detonate three more car bombs in the village of Claudy, near Londonderry, murdering nine civilians. Again we are meant to believe that ten days after Bloody Friday, PIRA could not foresee the risk of leaving car bombs in busy streets.

The only positive note from this horror is that the PIRA strategy of terror against civilian targets, designed to be the final push against the British, was probably the beginning of the end for PIRA. The unintended consequence of PIRA's actions, was to provoke a feeling of revulsion amongst the majority of Protestant and Catholics that ensured PIRA could not achieve the level of support they had hoped for.

The tragedy is that it would take another quarter of a century for PIRA to finally accept 'physical force' Republicanism was the road to nowhere. They of course, would spin that rather differently.

The Disappearance of Gerry Adams (Part 2)

In my previous blog (Read it here) I revealed that during the 1970s or early 1980s, Gerry Adams was replaced by Gerry Adams, who for the sake of clarity, we shall refer to as Theme Park Gerry, a reimagined, Disneyfied version of the original, Real Gerry. It is hard to give an exact date for when this occurred. It was rather bizarrely, a gradual disappearance.

As I promised, in the first part of this magical mystery tour around the lesser known parts of Gerry and indeed Belfast of yesteryear, I will act as your guide into the past. In order to understand how or why Real Gerry may have disappeared, it may be helpful to study the past and try to get a feel for the time and place.


The Precedent

I remember Belfast in 1972. Many strange things happened. 

Joe Linskey was a friend and neighbour of Gerry Adams. Linskey was also a friend of Dolours Price.

In August 1972, Joe Linskey was living with his sister in west Belfast. Dolours Price arrived at the home of her friend and told him he had an important meeting to attend.  Linskey packed an overnight bag and Price drove him south across the Irish border into County Monaghan. Linskey was never seen again.  

Joe Linskey was a former Cistercian monk, who left his religious order and got involved in Irish Republican politics, eventually becoming a founding member of PIRA, around 1969. At the time of his disappearance, Linskey was the Intelligence Officer for PIRA's Belfast Brigade. 

Joe Linskey (aka Lynskey)

The Volunteer

Dolours Price was twenty-two years old when she drove Joe Linskey across the Irish border. The previous year Price, who had considered a teaching career, became the first woman to join the IRA as a full member, a 'volunteer', rather than a female auxiliary in the Cumann na mBan. Price was from a well known and respected Irish Republican family, which may have helped open the door on her terrorism career. Price was able to approach the PIRA Chief of Staff, Sean Mac Stiofain, to put her case for joining. After a meeting of the PIRA Army Council, her wish was granted.

Dolours Price would claim years later, that during the drive south with Joe Linskey, she considered taking her friend to a port and telling him to leave the country, but Price was a committed PIRA volunteer, or more accurately, terrorist. Price was a true believer, raised on stories about the Easter Rising and the IRA. Price followed her orders.

Price of course knew the true purpose of the journey and that Linskey would not be returning home. When the pair arrived at the rendezvous point, just across the border, a group of men were waiting. Joe thanked his friend Dolours and told her not to worry. He probably knew what lay ahead.

Decades later, Dolours would admit to having been a member of a secret PIRA unit called 'the Unknowns' and that as part of her work for this secret team, she participated in her friend's "disappearance". He was the precedent. The first victim of  the Provisional IRA's strategy for dealing with awkward situations. Linskey's secret abduction, murder and disappearance, was the template that would be used for further victims. 

The unit was led by a former British soldier named Pat McClure, or 'wee Pat', who would several years later, leave Northern Ireland in a hurry and start a new life in North America, where, somewhat surprisingly, he found a job as a prison guard. However, Dolours Price has claimed that the Officer Commanding of the Unknowns, was in fact Gerry Adams, or Real Gerry.

It should be noted dear reader, that the aforementioned Gerry Adams, denies ever being in the IRA, or ever having any involvement in terrorist activity, including Joe Linskey's "disappearance". 

In 2010, when PIRA finally got around to admitting their involvement in Linskey's death, when the murder was detailed in a book, Gerry Adams stated in an interview that he was a neighbour of Linskey and knew that he had disappeared. He also asked for anyone with knowledge of the disappearance, to notify the relevant authorities.

Sadly no-one in PIRA had bothered adding Linskey to the list of names submitted several years earlier, to the Independent Commission responsible for locating the bodies of the disappeared. It's almost as if PIRA hadn't wanted to admit to this particular murder, in the same way that they had lied for decades about the other disappeared.

Dolours Price

The Dark

As detailed in a previous blog Brendan 'The Dark' Hughes was a leading figure in Belfast PIRA and a close friend of Gerry Adams. 

In June 1972, a member of PIRA, whilst holding his child, was shot in the doorway of his home. Holding the child perhaps saved his life, by forcing the gunman to make a poorly aimed shot. The injured man managed to make his way to a near-by club, where arrangements were made to spirit him away, across the border for medical treatment. Whilst at the club, he told Brendan Hughes that he thought it was a member of the Official IRA that shot him. The Officials (OIRA) were rivals to PIRA, following their split in 1969.

Hughes was very much a hands on kind of leader and took a number of men from D Company PIRA, to a drinking club called the Cracked Cup, that was used by OIRA. Hughes had intended to make 'arrests' regarding the shooting. In an altercation inside the club, a customer named Dessie Mackin was shot and bled to death on the floor where he fell. Hughes and his men then took several OIRA members into 'custody' at a house, but were forced to release them when a crowd of OIRA supporters gathered outside.

Rather awkwardly, Brendan Hughes discovered later that day, it was not a member of OIRA that had shot one of his men. The gunman, was another member of PIRA, unwittingly following orders given by Joe Linskey, the Belfast PIRA intelligence officer. Further investigations revealed that Linskey had been having an affair with the wife of the PIRA member, shot and injured at his home. The murder bid, was Linskey's clumsy attempt to remove his love rival.

Years later, Hughes claimed that he was not involved in Linskey's disappearance, but that he believed, following an internal inquiry, Linskey was taken away by the 'the Unknowns'. Hughes also made it clear that he had no control of the unit. They were he claimed, Gerry Adams' squad. It was Hughes' opinion that Linskey was taken for interrogation and probably shot and buried.

Again dear reader, it should be noted that Gerry Adams denies ever being in the IRA and refutes the allegations by Dolours Price and Brendan Hughes.

Gerry Adams & Brendan Hughes (Long Kesh Prison)

This is just one tale of many, from 1970s Belfast, but I hope it conveys the type of atmosphere within which Real Gerry lived and worked. It was a dangerous place in strange times. It wasn't that unusual for people to disappear for a period of time, perhaps days or weeks, and in certain circles it was just accepted that you didn't ask too many questions when people reappeared. Some people never came back. Sadly, for Joe Linskey's family, his body has still not been recovered. 


My first blog in this series is available here.

The blog that covers Brendan Hughes and his friendship with Gerry Adams, is available here.

The Disappearance of Gerry Adams (Part 1)

No-one has an exact date for when it happened, but sometime during the 1970s or early 1980s, Gerry Adams disappeared and was replaced by Gerry Adams. Whilst Gerry looks and sounds like Gerry, they are most definitely not the same person. I understand how this can be confusing at first, so for the purpose of clarity, I shall call the real Gerry Adams, 'Real Gerry', and the tree hugging, quirky Tweeting, plastic duck collecting, naked trampolining with his dog, Sinn Fein Gerry will be referred to as 'Theme Park Gerry', for reasons that I shall now explain. 

Theme Park Gerry is a Disneyfied cartoon character. A reimagined version of the real Gerry Adams, played by an actor inside a costume, following a carefully crafted script. Whilst followers of Sinn Fein are prone to reaching the point of rapture whenever two or more gather at his feet, seasoned and cynical observers say that Theme Park Gerry's utterances about his reimagined past, are as plausible as Gordon Brown's claim that he enjoyed listening to the Arctic Monkeys. 

As we all know, politicians or celebrities often have a public  persona. The challenge for us, the audience, is to determine how much of the public persona is genuine, and how much is self-serving propaganda. This can be a tricky business when there is conflicting information, claims and counter claims, allegations and denials-a-plenty.

There is a school of thought within certain sections of society, including Irish Republicanism, that Theme Park Gerry is a character in an elaborate narrative, produced for the purpose of perception management. Some people who have freely admitted to PIRA membership, such as the late Billy McKee, have stated that Theme Park Gerry is a fabrication and that Real Gerry, unlike Theme Park Gerry, was not only a member of the Provisional IRA, but that he had reached the dizzy heights of the PIRA Army Council (PAC). 

Billy McKee on Gerry Adams

This excerpt from the above article, provides a flavour of how some within Irish Republicanism, view the Theme Park Gerry narrative.

McKee once said about Gerry Adams: "He was Chief of Staff, Army Council and OC Belfast, yet he says he was never in the IRA. For him to get up and say that, was the daftest thing I have ever heard."

Two self-confessed members of PIRA's Belfast Brigade, Brendan Hughes and Dolours Price, have also insisted that Real Gerry was also Terrorist Gerry, a member of PIRA and their Officer Commanding, right from the early days of the troubles. Other members of PIRA and journalists, have also detailed the alleged career of Terrorist Gerry, in various books, newspaper articles, TV and radio broadcasts.

Perhaps understandably, Theme Park Gerry is always quick to dismiss any claims that he is Terrorist Gerry with the awkward and illegal past, but the level of public incredulity, with regards to Theme Park Gerry's back story, combined with the allegations of informed commentators, means that those of us watching from the sidelines, are now left with the difficult task of separating fact from fiction. 

We could of course simply embrace the rather implausible and often mocked, Disneyfied reimagination of Gerry's past, and accept that it is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Perhaps Terrorist Gerry is just the result of an unfortunate misunderstanding, or a smear, propagated by opponents. Alternatively, we could take the time to reflect upon what came before and try to make an informed judgement about the Real Gerry Adams. 

Dear reader, I think it is only fair to Real Gerry, that we delve into the past and examine what others have said about him. Let me, a proud citizen of Belfast, who lived and worked in Northern Ireland throughout the so called troubles, be your tour guide, on a magical mystery tour around the lesser known parts of Gerry Adams.

In the next blog, we will travel back to the summer of 1972, a year that I remember as being filled with extreme violence and a callous indifference to death. For me, it was the year we entered the centre of a maelstrom and somewhere in the midst of the chaos, if we look in the right places, we might just find the real Gerry Adams, before he was disappeared.

If you would like to read part 2 of this blog, you can read it here.